L-valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and has a wide range of applications in food, medicine and feed. Market demand has stimulated people’s interest in the industrial production of L-valine. At present, the mutagenized or engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum is an effective microbial cell factory for producing L-valine. Because the biosynthetic pathway and metabolic network of L-valine are intricate and strictly regulated by a variety of key enzymes and genes, highly targeted metabolic engineering can no longer meet the demand for efficient biosynthesis of L-valine. In recent years, the development of omics technology has promoted the upgrading of traditional metabolic engineering to systematic metabolic engineering. This whole-cell-scale transformation strategy has become a productive method for developing L-valine producing strains. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of L-valine, and summarizes the current metabolic engineering techniques and strategies for constructing L-valine high-producing strains. Finally, the opinion of constructing a cell factory for efficiently biosynthesizing L-valine was proposed.
以内蒙古大青山华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,通过树木年轮法和异速生长方程法,计算华北落叶松人工林生物量、碳密度及其年增量的年际变化,并分析碳密度年增量与气温、降水、湿度等气象因子的关系。研究发现:华北落叶松人工林碳密度随着林龄增加的变化曲线可用逻辑斯谛生长方程拟合,在1979—2016年,碳密度由1.05 t/hm~2增加到76.83 t/hm~2。华北落叶松人工林碳密度年增量存在显著的年际差异,总体上呈波动性的“慢-快-慢”趋势,碳密度年增量最高达到3.72 t hm-2 a-1,多年平均为2.05 t hm-2 a-1。华北落叶松人工林碳密度年增量与上年6月和当年6—8月的降水量显著正相关,与上年11月降水显著负相关;与上年11—12月、当年2月和12月的温度和大气相对湿度分别呈正、负相关;与上年7月、9月及当年8—9月的温度保持显著或极显著正相关。研究表明,温度、湿度和降水主要通过生长季的长短和土壤可利用水分及冬季的雪害冻害影响华北落叶松人工林的碳汇潜力,在未来该地区升温增湿的气候变化趋势下华北... 相似文献
Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process involved in the clearance of proteins and organelles. Although the autophagy regulation machinery has been widely studied, the key epigenetic control of autophagy process still remains unknown. Here we report that the methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) epigenetically represses several negative regulators of the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) pathway, such as TSC2, RHOA, DEPTOR, FKBP11, RGS16 and GPI. EZH2 was recruited to these genes promoters via MTA2 (metastasis associated 1 family, member 2), a component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex. MTA2 was identified as a new chromatin binding protein whose association with chromatin facilitated the subsequent recruitment of EZH2 to silenced targeted genes, especially TSC2. Downregulation of TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis 2) by EZH2 elicited MTOR activation, which in turn modulated subsequent MTOR pathway-related events, including inhibition of autophagy. In human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues, the expression of MTA2 and EZH2 correlated negatively with expression of TSC2, which reveals a novel link among epigenetic regulation, the MTOR pathway, autophagy induction, and tumorigenesis. 相似文献